At a time in which anthropologists are increasingly critical of simplistic notions of culture, identity, and heritage, their political and economic uses are on the rise and everywhere to be seen. The focus of the course will be on the way these notions are articulated and employed in the public sphere, and on the debates and controversies related to their strategic and instrumental uses. From political evocations of culture, to identity based movements and the commercialization of heritage - a variety of ethnographic examples from across the world will help us understand the contemporary forms taken by these notions and their uses, including the reasons for their success as well as their risks and limitations.