This is an advanced course for students with a solid background in evolutionary ecology, evolutionary genetics and quantitative genetics with a strong interest in understanding Darwinian fitness and natural selection. The basic evolutionary problem the course addresses is how natural selection "designs" organisms to achieve optimal survival and reproductive success. The course will be strongly based on a book by Stearns (Stephen C. Stearns. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press). The course requires proficiency in English and the willingness to actively engage in discussing, asking questions, reading, presenting material, etc. An understanding of basic statistics and mathematics (including calculus) is helpful. At the end of the course, the students will take an oral exam in form of giving a presentation