In this course, we will look into important trends and phenomena characterizing the world of today. A first area of interest will concern the notable changes in population growth rates and longevity that took place over the past decades, their diverse geographical distribution across the globe, as well as the challenges posed by such changes and the projected future path of population size. We will also devote attention to several labor market topics, namely discrimination, migration and female labor force participation. What is discrimination in Economics? Why would employers discriminate among candidate employees? What methods are there to detect discriminatory behaviour? Regarding migration, we will look into theoretically based explanations of the effects of migrants on the labor market opportunities of natives and, importantly, at what the data say about those effects. Whether or not migrants contribute to lower wages and higher unemployment rates of natives is one of the main topics of interest. Finally, we will discuss the enormous change in the labor force participation rate of women in the past century and reasons underlying that occurrence.